Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum

doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02897-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphology of septal Iba-1-positive microglia during aging and the impact of chronic neuroinflammation. A – E Representative confocal images of reconstructed medial septum (MS) microglia from control and GFAP-IL6 cohorts. The extended depth of focus images (A-E) obtained from collapsing 3D confocal microscopy images of Iba-1 + microglia obtained under 63 × oil immersion objective, along with the corresponding manually reconstructed images (a–e) in Neurolucida 360, of young, adult and old mice from control and GFAP-IL6 cohorts (scale bar 10 μm). G – L Grouped bar graphs representing the effects of aging and neuroinflammation on Iba-1 + microglial cell morphology in the medial septum (MS), measured by branched structure analysis. Quantitative analysis of the morphological changes in Iba-1 + microglia, including G soma area (µm 2 ), H soma perimeter (µm), I soma circularity, J number of processes from soma (n), K total length of processes (µm) and L number of nodes (n), of young ( n = 30), adult ( n = 30) and old ( n = 30) mice from control (black) and GFAP-IL6 (red) cohorts. Data presented as mean ± SEM and analysed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. Post hoc effects of ‘genotype’ are represented in asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001); post hoc effects of ‘age’ are represented by hash symbols ( # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001). M–O Grouped bar graphs representing the effects of aging and neuroinflammation on Iba-1 + microglial cell spatial distribution in the medial septum (MS), measured by convex-hull analysis. Quantitative analysis of spatial distribution changes in Iba-1 + microglia, including M convex 3D surface area (µm 2 ), N convex 3D volume (µm 3 ) and O convex perimeter (µm) of young ( n = 30), adult ( n = 30) and old ( n = 30) mice from control (black) and GFAP-IL6 (red) cohorts. Data presented as mean ± SEM and analysed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. Post hoc effects of ‘genotype’ are represented in asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001); post hoc effects of ‘age’ are represented by hash symbols ( # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001)

Article Snippet: The images were then processed using Neurolucida360 (MBF Bioscience) to generate 3D reconstructions of the desired dendritic branch with spines, and in-built Neurolucida Explorer (MBF Bioscience) was used to provide spine density analysis of these reconstructions.

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum

doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02897-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphology of septal ChAT-positive neurons during aging and the impact of chronic neuroinflammation. A – F Representative confocal images of reconstructed medial septum (MS) cholinergic cells from control and GFAP-IL6 cohorts. The extended depth of focus images ( A – E ) obtained from collapsing 3D tile scanned confocal microscopy images of ChAT + cholinergic cells obtained under 63 × oil immersion objective, along with the corresponding manually reconstructed images (a-e) in Neurolucida 360, of young, adult and old mice from control and GFAP-IL6 cohorts (scale bar 20 μm). G – L Grouped bar graphs representing the effects of aging and neuroinflammation on ChAT + cholinergic cell morphology in the medial septum (MS), measured by branched structure analysis. Quantitative analysis of the morphological changes in ChAT + cholinergic cells, including G soma area (µm 2 ), H soma perimeter (µm), I soma circularity, J number of processes from soma (n), K total length of processes (µm) and L number of nodes (n), of young ( n = 25), adult ( n = 25) and old ( n = 25) mice from control (black) and GFAP-IL6 (green) cohorts. Data presented as mean ± SEM and analysed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. Post hoc effects of ‘genotype’ are represented in asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001); post hoc effects of ‘age’ are represented by hash symbols ( # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001). M–O Grouped bar graphs representing the effects of aging and neuroinflammation on ChAT + cholinergic cell spatial distribution in the medial septum (MS), measured by convex-hull analysis. Quantitative analysis of spatial distribution changes in ChAT + cholinergic cells, including M convex 3D surface area (µm 2 ), N convex 3D volume (µm 3 ) and O convex perimeter (µm) of young ( n = 25), adult ( n = 25) and old ( n = 25) mice from control (black) and GFAP-IL6 (green) cohorts. Data presented as mean ± SEM and analysed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests. Post hoc effects of ‘genotype’ are represented in asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001); post hoc effects of ‘age’ are represented by hash symbols ( # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001)

Article Snippet: The images were then processed using Neurolucida360 (MBF Bioscience) to generate 3D reconstructions of the desired dendritic branch with spines, and in-built Neurolucida Explorer (MBF Bioscience) was used to provide spine density analysis of these reconstructions.

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy